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Literature

Between Continents

A decade or so after my progeny finished high school I am still in awe of their stellar English teacher and lucky enough to be on her list for book recommendations. That way I read Yaa Gyasi’s novel Homegoing this spring and was quite taken by it. The 2016 reviews were picky if benevolent, and not much in line with my own strong emotional reactions to the tale, or more precisely, the tale’s characters. (Clicking on picture should open NYT review….)

The novel describes the lives of several generations of offspring of two African half-sisters, born into different tribes. It takes place on both continents, Africa and America, linked by slavery, and reaches into our own time. I learned quite a bit about Africa, but most importantly I was amazed by the literary craft of creating characters that throughout time and place were memorable and demanded empathy, easily given. In addition, though, the novel describes sensitively and painfully issues of relocation – both forced, in the context of slavery, and half-voluntarily, in the context of the Jim-Crow South, the call of the job-promising North, the call of the US to educated modern-day Africans, and the call home to Africa for those with ancestral roots there.

Seeking a different life on a different continent is, of course, familiar to me in my own biography. But the pressures did not come close to what another novel supposedly brilliantly describes: the search of a young, drug-addicted, gay Black man from Chicago for a better future in the Berlin of the 1980s. Darryl Pinckney’s novel Black Deutschland came with glowing reviews when published last year at the same time as Homegoing. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/books/review/darryl-pinckneys-black-deutschland.html 

What sold me, however, to put it on my reading list, was this bit in the Kirkus Reviews: “What sustains your attention . . . is Pinckney’s dolefully witty and incisively observant voice, whether describing the quirks of his hero’s family (‘When the going gets rough, make pancakes,’ Jed’s father advises) or evoking the sights, sounds, and even smells of West Berlin, ‘the involuntary island, that petri dish of romantic radicalism.’ Pinckney’s discursive novel, coming across as if it were a late-20th-century hipster version of Rilke’s The Notebooks of Marte Laurids Brigge, typifies an era in which inventive, idiosyncratic styles flourish anew in African-American writing.”  

Who can resist a hipster version of Rilke????

 
 Some new montages about travel/mobility/transit are on display today.

Knowing History

· Or Not, As The Case May Be ·

The current president of the US announced yesterday that a former president, Andrew Jackson, was angry about the Civil War and would have avoided it. Never mind that Jackson died 16 years before the war started. The media was buzzing with historians pointing out Trump’s ignorance about history as well as his embrace of a populist role model. The implicit message that a strong-man slaveholder would have gotten it right pointed to a position that the assumptions underlying slavery – the racial hierarchy that allows perceived superior Whites to own perceived inferior Blacks – are acceptable. The claimed causes of the war – slavery vs states’ rights – are of course still debated by historians with different political bends.

What caught my eye, though, was an opinion piece that compared Trump to Kaiser Wilhelm II, both with regard to relentless, manic communications that did not mind being self-contradictory and with regard to “idiotic bellicosity.”

 https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/germany-used-to-have-a-leader-like-trump-its-not-who-you-think/2017/05/01/0dd9cce8-2e88-11e7-9534-00e4656c22aa_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_opinion-card-d%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.a329730e859a

World War I started during Wilhelm II’s reign, and many historians have wondered, just as about the Civil War, what led to the slaughter of 17 million people, or what could have prevented it. Cohen’s article recommends Christopher Clark’s The Sleepwalkers, a learned treatise on the causal circumstances of World War I. On my reading list is a book that covers the same topic, Barbara Tuchman’s The Guns of August, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1963.

The reason for my choice is first of all that I yet have to read a Tuchman book that isn’t challenging, informative and deeply influential at the same time that it is a fun read. More importantly, this particular book influenced another president of our nation, J.F.Kennedy, to narrowly skirt another war during the Cuban missile crisis. He read. He processed what he read. The lessons from history mattered. Here is a link to a short analysis of how J.F.K’s reading of Tuchman guided his decision making process.

http://blog.loa.org/2012/03/how-barbara-tuchmans-guns-of-august.html

Photographs are from Berlin, Germany where the last German Emperor and King of Prussia lived.

 

Reading List

This week I am drawn to books that are in some ways related to current events. Since two of my friends are currently in France and are posting photos that make me yellow with envy I thought we start with something related to that country.

Of course there was no way I could avoid focussing on the upcoming election drama between LePen and Macron. Or rather focussing on the fact that an anti-Semitic woman bent on destroying the European Union might be the next President of France.

https://theintercept.com/2017/04/27/le-pen-promotes-holocaust-denier-plans-ban-kosher-butchers-yarmulkes/

Given the resurgence of explicit anti-Semitism, I thought the books below, about the fate of French Jewry, might be something to read. Note: NOT YET READ! Several of this week’s books are on my list, not in my head. They all just struck me as interesting.

The first one is authored by Susan Rubin Suleiman, Hungarian immigrant, now a Harvard professor of the civilization of France and of comparative literature. During the 2009-2010 academic year, she was the invited Shapiro Senior Scholar-in-Residence at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C.  In  THE NÉMIROVSKY QUESTION  – the life, death, and legacy of a Jewish writer in twentieth-century France – she tackles the fate of an assimilated Jewish writer who thought her relationship with the Petain administration would save her – it didn’t.

The second author is Shannon Fogg, chair of the Department of History and Political Science at Missouri, a European historian who specializes in the history of Modern France from the Enlightenment to the present.  More specifically, her research focuses on daily life in France during the Second World War. Her first book, The Politics of Daily Life in Vichy France: Foreigners, Undesirables and Strangers, described the effects of shortages on attitudes towards the French government and towards minority groups such as Jews and Gypsies. Her most recent book, the one on my list, is Stealing Home: Looting, Restitution, and Reconstructing Jewish Lives in France, 1942-1947. It explores the looting of Jewish apartments in Paris during World War II and the restitution of goods after the war. Or the cruel joke of restitution, as the case may be.

Here are the reviews:

Memory wars

Photographs are from Paris: cemeteries and memorials.

Swan Song

After a particularly trying episode of whooping cough my sister and I were dragged to the Black Forest to “take the air.” Walks through rainy meadows and dark forests, populated by dwarfs and witches in my vivid imagination, did nothing to improve the mood. My mother’s bedside reading, however, did. She had brought Walter Slezak’s biography of his father, Leo Slezak, What time’s the next swan?, and laughed out loud ever so often under our bulging feather beds. Slezak was a Wagnerian Heldentenor, larger than life, with a wicked sense of humor. When singing Lohengrin, the opera technicians sent the swan-like boat, meant for his entrance onto the stage, full force ahead without him in it. He is reported to have drily inquired” Wann, bitte, geht der nächste Schwan?”

https://www.amazon.de/What-Times-Next-Swan-Slezak/dp/B0007DL03Q/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1487961603&sr=1-1&keywords=what+time%27s+the+next+swan%3F

Having no clue what the opera was about, I was subsequently treated to my mother’s re-enactment of the basic story of Lohengrin, fueled, no doubt, by her enjoyment of the local specialty of pear brandy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWg2UD5kzjA

Decades later I had a similarly wonderful experience, when a bunch of hippies re-enacted, singing and all, another tale unknown to me: The Wizard of Oz. I had tried to mend a broken heart on a Caribbean Island and here I was marveling at flying monkeys and songs of tin men (now, I wonder, why would heartless, hollow men come to mind..)  – all of us, this time, stoned out of our minds. Life can be pretty amazing.

In any case, this next week is the swan song (a metaphorical phrase for a final gesture, effort, or performance given just before death or retirement) for my current exhibit at Cameraworks Gallery. If you have not yet visited, I’d be honored if you did. Here is a review that might help you make up your mind. Today, Saturday, the gallery is open, on Sunday it is closed, and I am taking the whole series down on Friday afternoon….

http://www.orartswatch.org/well-worn-oregon-refugee-dreams/

I photographed these swans last weekend in pouring rain through a car window at Ridgefield, WA – the blurry quality is the distortions from the sheets of rain….

Andantino

One of the most beautiful pieces of music I know is Schubert’s posthumously published Sonata D 959 – 2nd part of a trilogy, all three goosebump-producing. They came to mind when I heard yesterday that the new administration undermined the application of a hard-fought law that protects transgender rights. It was serendipity that my search for Brendel’s version of the Sonata produced a cover image of a bathroom…..although I hear someone say it is as little about bathrooms as it was about water fountains…

For today’s literary bit I refer back to an old short story by Willa Cather – Paul’s Case – A Study in Temperament (1905). It is a poignant exposition of someone who does not fit in, runs away from home after an act of defiance, has a day to explore his (subtly insinuated) homosexuality before he commits suicide for shame. The most heartbreaking aspect of it is the fact that he regrets that step when it’s too late.

The audio book version https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dL_tnkGOwdA

And here is a 4 minute encapsulation of the story in pictures…. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FRJGGZfNms

So now we have Blacks, Muslims, Jews, Queers, Mexicans and the poor as targeted populations – who will be next?

I insist on ending on an upbeat note: you all know Andersen’s Fairy Tale of the Ugly Duckling? The “misfit” is a lone outsider – but s/he holds a promise that nature fulfills. May everyone figure out who they are and take wings, ducks, swans, geese and anyone in-between!

First (Class) Act

I have a few people who recommend books to me that invariably hit the spot. Those people are from different backgrounds and of different ages, and I agree with them 90 or so % of the time. I am grateful to them because they alert me to authors that I might otherwise never have encountered.

That does not hold for Naomie Klein – I have met her in several of the journalistic sources I read, among them the Guardian, the NYT and lately the Intercept. The book recommended by my handlers and still on my library reserve list is This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs The Climate (2014), but I am sharing here her acceptance speech at the Sydney Peace Prize.

https://www.thenation.com/article/intersectionality-is-the-only-path-forward-for-the-climate-movement/

I like Klein’s naming Trump “the grabber-in-chief,”but, more importantly, I am impressed with how she summarizes the looming climate disaster and its political antecedents.

Matching her theme of resistance to capitalistic ruthlessness that could, quite literally, kill us all, with operatic music was hard because of too many choices; Beethoven advanced revolutionary ideas in Fidelio.  Kurt Weill wrote  Die Bürgschaft — about a mythical land under a totalitarian, money-driven dictatorship. When it was criticized, he used words that could come from a contemporary composer. “I believe that the task of opera today is to move beyond the fate of private individuals toward universality,” he wrote. “Die Bürgschaft undertakes an attempt to adopt a position on matters that concern us all. Such an attempt must elicit discussions as a matter of course. That is part of its job.”

And then there is CO2, an opera by Giorgio Battista, commissioned by the Milan Scala and premiered there in 2015. Taking its focus from Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth, it is a small modern masterpiece implicating us all in the destruction of the earth and suggesting potential remedies we could adopt.

Klein herself cites Leonard Cohen, so I’ll add her chosen song as well – all this music should motivate us!

Learning from others

The week concludes with recommended reading about how artists function under authoritarian regimes. Mostly because it is so apropos in our current situation here in the US. (I do believe it is because some elements of fascism are hard to deny. For an in depth analysis of that argument go here: http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/12/14/the-empire-has-no-clothes-trumps-class-war-cabinet-the-f-word-and-the-coming-resistance/)

Images and montages are from Weimar, Hamburg and Berlin.

Here are the books that might inspire artists and anyone else who tries to figure out how to resist:

Beth Irwin Lewis, George Grosz: Art and Politics in the Weimar Republic

University of Wisconsin Press, 1971; reprint Princeton University Press, 1991

Peter Paret, An Artist against the Third Reich: Ernst Barlach, 1933-1938

Cambridge University Press, 2003

Klaus Mann, Mephisto

1936; reprint Penguin Classics, 1995

Alan Riding, And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris

Vintage, 2010

Alice Kaplan, The Collaborator: The Trial and Execution of Robert Brasillach

University of Chicago Press, 2000

And here is the source for these recommendations, with detailed description of each book.

5 Books to Read About Artists Under Nazism

 

 

Meeting canceled

The Moth

We can be short today: there will be no meeting with the women I’d like to talk to. They are beyond mediation – not that I’d be daring to offer that given the depth of the abyss between them. You have probably heard of each of them, after all they are both famous, justly prize winning writers, and some of their books have been made in to successful movies. (Possession – see review here http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/possession-2002 for one, The Waterfall for the other.)

Yes, I am talking of A.S. Byatt and Margaret Drabble, sisters known as much for their incredible gift as their unending feud. I just don’t get it  – yes, there was favoritism of one at home, yes there was a pushy mother making achievement into a competitive sport, yes, they both chose the same métier. But going to war over the use of a familial tea-set as a prop in one of your novels? Depriving yourself of the shared memories of childhood that bring such comfort in later years? Condemning each other for unfair reckoning with your parents in your novels?  Their loss. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/8632911/Margaret-Drabble-Its-sad-but-our-feud-is-beyond-repair.html

I like to read them both, but am partial to Drabble, since she got to me early and in formative years when it came to feminism. Where Byatt seduces with a vivid, colorful narrative explosion, Drabble goes sparse but deep into psychological exploration. I still consider The Millstone a seminal book. Motherhood was never described more accurately within a feminist context.

(Review here:https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/15/the-millstone-the-crucial-1960s-feminist-novel)

Tilde- Gerhard Richter copy

Which brings me to the conclusion of this week: I like movies, I prefer books. I like the idea of meeting people who strike me as interesting, but would probably be at a loss if that really happened. Let’s keep it a fantasy.  See you next week.

We’ll never know

· The Armed Man/Charge! ·

“Cousin Swift, you will never be a poet!” John Dryden, famous man of letters at the end of the 17th century, is alleged to have said this to Jonathan Swift, one of the brilliant minds of the beginning of the 18th century. We’ll never know if this encounter actually occurred and led to Swift’s realization of his strength, satirical prose (think: Gulliver’s Travels), but we do know that Swift nurtured a life-long enmity toward his distant relative Dryden, even after the latter had long died. This in spite, or perhaps because of, so many parallels in the lives of these gifted men, their shifting allegiances towards crowns and religions, their insight into the irrational nature of man and the fact that economic considerations were a driving force behind imperials wars.

Why am I bringing this up? Jenkins’ 7th movement of The Armed Man, called Charge! is using words from both sources, intermingling Dryden’s patriotic call for duty with the lament offered by Swift.

(Music here:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNrD305XbXg). Did the composer or did he not know about the strained relationship between the writers? Was he just taking familiar words that seemed to express the polar experiences towards engaging in battle, or was it an inside joke, to join the two at last? We’ll never know that either.

I admit to using my own inside jokes occasionally when creating montages, or to using allusions that make only sense to me. That is the privilege of creating. Explaining them makes little sense, and, more importantly, ruins the personal or overall interpretation viewers might bring towards the image, narrowing their impression to “trying to get it.” That said, the horses that charge into battle in the montage are from an arc de triomphe in the Louvre courtyard celebrating military victory.  However, they reminded me also of Swift’s Houyhnhnm society, a nation of horses. That nation was founded upon reason, and only reason and therefore the horses practiced eugenics based on their analyses of benefit and cost, as we can read in part 4 of Gulliver’s Travels. Gulliver adored the horses despite them not having pity or believing in the intrinsic value of life. It did not end well….IMG_2371 copy