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RISD adventures

A few weeks ago I went to the museum of the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, RI. I had never been to the state before and the city was appealing – I can only imagine how it looks even more attractive when all the college and art students are back in town.

RISD is, I think all agree, one of the best art schools in the country. The current exhibit of select members of the 2019 graduating class delivered proof of that.

The show was fresh, irreverent, thought provoking and testament to a lot of technical skill in addition to a lot of creative ideas. Works with and on paper, glass, installations, fabric arts with some phenomenal weaving, painting, and photography – all convinced. Here are some samples. (I was bad, I did not record titles and names, put it down to jet lag. Here is an overview.)

For me the most impressive work (and that name I noted) was a wall of large photographs hung in a floor to ceiling grid, all 15 seemingly depicting the same head and neck, photographed from the back. Only on closer inspection did you realize slight variations, like, for example, a different necklace, or the absence of the necklace. More minute variations revealed themselves only if you kept staring and comparing and evaluating.

Stephen Foster Azimuth 2019

Note it is the head of a Black person. The back of the head of a Black person. The fact that we don’t easily recognize people cross-racially (Whites are horrible at correctly identifying Blacks, and vice versa, and true for other cross racial identification as well) is brought home in spades. It is conveyed by the fact that we have to look really hard to proclaim they “Don’t look all alike to me.” The real-life implication are of course most painfully felt in the legal system, where mistaken identifications lead to verdicts that incarcerate innocent people.

We also, ironically, feel free or even compelled to look at the back of a head, we are in a museum after all and searching for meaning or understanding of the installation, when in real life we do not look, sometimes actively avoid looking. Staring at a person is not socially acceptable and staring at a person of a different race can be misinterpreted and lead to tension. “Made you do it!,” I could almost hear the artist muttering in the wings…

The face is never revealed, another representation of the chasm of not knowing between viewer and subject, the mostly White museum patron and the Black model. Why should he look at us when we don’t look at him?

The name Azimuth is also in no way explained. I hope it is an art history joke (it would be exceedingly clever) referring to two artists who for a short while in the 1960s published an art review called Azimuth and ran a gallery called Azimut. For these two, Piero Manzoni and Enrico Castellani, White was central to their art, in color and materials. 4 years ago an exhibit at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice revived the work. (Details here.)

In any case, I had a blast being challenged by this work. The photographer is surely a young man we do want to keep an eye on – his ships will come in.

Weaving by one of Foster’s class mates.

Music today shall be by offspring of the city of Providence: a Roomful of Blues

Fraught Freight

With the oil boom in North Dakota and the extraction of Canadian tar sands, shipment of crude through the states of Washington and Oregon has increased by 250% since only a decade or so ago. Last year Oregon alone saw 19.000 of those tankers on mile-long oil trains pass through, and much of it ends up in Portland at a terminal owned by Zenith Energy. Here the crude is unloaded into massive storage tanks and later pumped onto ships bound for refineries and factories. (An informative article about the problems with this can be found here.)

View of Mt. Hood

The Columbia River Gorge is the key route for oil transport moving through the Pacific Northwest. You have as many as 18 oil trains a week – and no one is fully prepared for action against toxic inhalation hazards or worse, catastrophic accidents, particularly since the oil moving through WA and Oregon is unusually volatile. The railroad companies responsible for the trains have had accidents elsewhere, in North Dakota and Alabama, and of course we got our first warning with what happened in Mosier, OR in 2016, when a Union Pacific oil train derailed, catching fire and spilling a small amount of oil into the river during salmon migration.

View of Mt. Adams

I thought it was time to remind ourselves of all this when I heard that the house legislature passed a spill planning bill (House Bill 2209) on Monday. The bill had been delayed for years by corporate money in politics while other West Coast states have long taken action. It now allows the state to levy two fees to fund plans for spills.

What happens to amateur identification with a sieve as brain – best guess: buckwheats and desert parsley

For an oil bill it is still pretty watered down:

“The bill requires railroads to prove they carry enough insurance to pay to clean up a worst-case spill in Oregon. It defines a worst-case spill as 15 percent of a train’s load — far less than spilled in the worst spill to date.”

But at least it contains no secrecy provision:

A few months after the tanker cars overturned in Mosier, Union Pacific wrote a check for $5,000 to then-Rep. Mark Johnson, R-Hood River. When oil spill legislation came up in 2017, Johnson introduced an amendment Union Pacific wanted: to keep any spill plan secret. That bill died after The Oregonian/OregonLive and Oregon Public Broadcasting reported on the unique secrecy provision.

Lupines
Rock Penstemons
Small Sunflower
Windflower

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Here is once again the trailer to the documentary film I am involved with as a set photographer about the dangers of crude oil extraction and transportation, and the ways progressives are trying to tackle the issues in court.

Indian Paintbrush
Pink Phlox
Mariposa Lily
Campion and Larkspur

And to drive the point home to what is at stake if explosions start fires, photographs today are from a gorgeous hike near the Columbia River on Sunday, up to the Monte Carlo ridge. (Alternative routes can be found here.)

And in our irony department, here is a beautiful set of songs by Woody Guthrie commissioned by the Bonneville Dam administration for PR….

Urban Urchins

A like for wide-open, grassy spaces near water. A preference for, yes, blueberries. Fidelity for life, with a mate chosen to match your own size, more or less. “Gang”broods, where several young ones of different families cluster together guarded by one or two adults. And, last but not least, an increasing affinity for life in urban spaces.

Geese, of course.

I met them yesterday in downtown Portland, resting on the sidewalk, until it was time to go foraging on the lawns of the Esplanade. They like grassy areas to be as open as possible so that they have an unobstructed view of predators while munching on the grass which they can miraculously digest.

The product of that digestion, alas, is one of the nuisances of the increasing goose populations in cities: 3 pounds of poop per goose per day. Shall we say it adds up…..

Aggressive, territorial behavior when it comes to nesting season can be another problem. Most dangerous, though, is the possibility that these geese create traffic accidents, including the potential for colliding with airplanes with catastrophic consequences.

Why are they around? Turns out not for the food – foraging in cities is less productive than in the fields or other less built-up places.

It is for safety. 2.6 million geese are “harvested” by hunters annually in North America, as the Cornell Lab of Ornithology put it so delicately. That’s out of a population of approx. 4.2 million. Obviously they’ve heard the news that they won’t be shot dead in cities. Or not at that rate, anyways. It also keeps them warmer – survival rate for geese in Northern cities is 100% compared to their counterparts roaming the wild in winter – 48% do not make it. (Birds for the study cited above, by the way were lured with Honey Nut Cheerios to be tagged for observation – I guess their all time favorite blueberries were too expensive….)

Man, the little ones are cute though, particularly when they unblinkingly stare back at you practically walking across your feet:

As were their human urchin counterparts, busily trying not to let go of the rope……

Music today is one of my all time favorite renditions of the Children’s Corner by Pascal Rogé, in honor of the young one’s facing a life in an ever more dangerous world.

May we learn to share space and protect each other.

Riveting Roses

A friend who forever points me to interesting sources, sent along the article below. A riveting read. Add to that today’s images: riveting roses.

This is, of course, the time of year, where everything explodes in the garden, scents and sights mingle, and first and foremost roses rule (just in time for the Rose Festival – which I will report on at some later point.) Well, they rule, if you have sun, and take good care of them, which directly implies that today’s photographs are not from my own garden….

Here are some rosy facts:

The tallest rose bush ever recorded stood 23 feet tall.

A Colorado fossil allowed archaeologists to determine that roses have existed for more than 35 million years.

  • Hildesheim, Germany is home to a large rose bush that has been growing on the wall of the Cathedral of Hildesheim for over 1,000 years. I still can’t find the photo that I took of it…..
  • People in 15th century England lived through the “War of Roses.” The war got its name after roses were used to symbolize which side people supported or were fighting for. White roses symbolized Yorkshire and red roses symbolized Lancaster.
  • There are over 4,000 songs about roses out there. Not obvious I’ll find a piece of music that I like…..
  • Roses are one of only three flowers mentioned in the bible. The other two are lilies and camphire.
  • For years, breeders tried to genetically manipulate different species and colors of roses to create a blue one. In 2004, the world got its first blue rose.
  • After he spent 15 years growing it, creator David Austin sold his Juliet Rose at the 2006 Chelsea Show for nearly $15.8 million.
This ain’t it

Why would anyone crowd their brain with facts like these? Why not instead let the flowers speak for themselves? Let’s give it a try.

Then again, we might be distracted by wondering about articles like this which suggest rose water cures about any ailment under the sun – and it must be true because the article was “reviewed” by a person who has 6 titles behind her name….although scientific papers seem to concur – see conclusion below:

The R. damascena is one of the most important species of Rosaceae family mainly known for its perfuming. Its major products are rose water and essential oil. 

This plant contains several components such as terpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that have beneficial effects on human health. The pharmacological effects of R. damascene are widespread. Most of the CNS effects are hypnotic, analgesic, and anticonvulsant effects. The respiratory, cardiovascular, laxative, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant are other effects of this plant.

Here is a Finnish composer’s ode to the queen of the flowers;

And here is a romp through the entire garden:

Busy Bees

Busy bees – or was that bumbly bees? This photographer was both, busy and bumbling, as well as forced to be extremely patient. I was sitting in front of the foxgloves in my garden, waiting for the bumble bees to emerge from the blossoms. By the time I had focussed the camera, they were, of course, long gone. Most of the time, anyways.

I had more luck in another beautiful garden where a huge variety of plants attracted a variety of bees, so many of them that I could practically shoot a picture wherever I had the camera pointed.

The phrase “busy as a bee” can be found as far back as in 13th century Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. They should add “smart as a bee” when you look at recent scientific experiments that reveal how these insects are able to perform complex cognitive tasks like, for example, discriminating between different art styles.

Have bees rewarded with sugar water when landing to feed on one of four different paintings by an Australian aborigine artist or put off by some bitter solution when landing on any one of four Monet reproductions and voila: if you now show them new paintings of each of these masters, they immediately pick the Australian art – and all it takes is one afternoon to have them figure it out. Now why did I have to take years of art education in high school?????

Not that it did much good. At least I didn’t end up like this: Dancing, covered in bees, with meditating comrades drifting off into La la land….

Here is something less funny but more interesting: a short clip on bumble bee life and social structure. And with this I wish you a busy Tuesday filled with sweetness in one form or another.

And no, it’s NOT ging to be Rimsky- Korsakov today, fooled you. Instead do enjoy this:

And a bonus minute of Schubert: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=21&v=1Pm6kBXkqT4

Bitty Bugs

Walking through my garden towards dusk this weekend, watering can in hand for the new plantings, my eye was drawn to numerous small creatures. Oblivious in their own small universe, perhaps tired, they did not budge when I moved the iPhone directly above them, my watering task all but forgotten.

In the mysterious ways memory works, I suddenly recalled a miniature landscape I had encountered years back in the middle of Manhattan, to be looked at through a glass embedded in, I don’t know, a construction fence? Some office wall? No, I checked: Wall of the Museum of Arts and Design, on Broadway.

The artist, Patrick Jacobs, builds pseudoscientific dioramas using paper, styrene, acrylic, vinyl, neoprene, wax, and hair, and photographs among other materials, viewing them through lenses as he works, using tweezers and brushes. They are lit from within and exhibit incredible depths. Below are links to some of his typical work. If you are in Italy, you have a chance to catch his most recent exhibit until June 9th…..

You look at the panoramas through circular shaped lenses, which reminded me of the Claude glass, an optical device used by 18th century landscape painters. The convex black mirror allows you to asses tonality and light and shade ratios in its reflection. I have always thought it would be interesting to do a landscape photography project with one of those things – probably done already by numerous photographers. Nonetheless, it would fit into the themes of reflection and distortion so much part of my montage work. Which reminds me: I have finally re-designed my art website – give it a look, feedback appreciated!

And for your Monday morning jolt, here is another insect-related masterpiece….gives you a crunching start into a hopefully bug-free week:

Spitbugs!

Unless you want to end up like Rothenberg who does all this interspecies music.

He has shifted from insects to whales now…..

Done with Grisly

Done with grisly – long live grizzlies. I am rounding out this week which was devoted to interesting aspects of fauna in our lives with a short film clip that truly moved me.

It documents the life work of a man who overcame the trauma sustained as a medic in the Vietnam war by devoting himself to the documentation and protection of grizzly bears in this country. To tell the truth, it made me cry.

Then again, maybe it’s the unusually early heat that has me in a dither.

https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/588769/grizzly-country/

Since, as you have correctly assumed, I can locate no bears in my photo archives, I will fall back on the words of the film’s subject: “Saving the wild is the mother of all things. That is where we gather life, the potential for wisdom. If we are to have survival, that’s how and where it’s going to take place.”

My “wild” – as wild as it can get a 10 minute drive outside of a metropolitan area – is a daily refuge, a reminder of change and natural order, a place where I can be found photographing, or simply walking, and where I find occasional misplaced pieces of myself. It sustains me, and if it doesn’t bring wisdom, it does have the potential for joy.

Right now it harbors numerous small flowers, in stark contrast to the splashy bloom you see in gardens across the city. Buttercups, blackberry blossoms, woodruff, false Solomon’s seal, coral bells and, if you are lucky, lily-of-the-valley peek out of the abundant green. The water skimmers race across the surface of the brook and the woodpeckers have made their holes big enough to hide in. Ferns unfurl and little white candles are strewn among light green grass, still not touched by dust.

The deer rest here, digesting their abundant meal of columbine, hostas and cornflower blossoms, served nightly in my garden, much to my dismay.

I used to curse the slugs on my morning rounds, now I yell about the deer. But I can’t stay angry. Who has the privilege to live so close to “wild?” It’s only fair to pay a price, perennials it’ll be…..

Music today is an interesting piece by Leonard Bernstein – composed in reference to Plato’s Symposium, in particular about the two speakers Phaedrus and Pausanias. They both talk about love (Eros for one, Aphrodite for the other.) I figured that would do: love (today for the “wild,”for nature,) wherever it comes from, is captured in the music.

Rodent Report

Since my recent description of the lurking dangers of fish farms thoroughly soured many of you on salmon, I feel it’s my duty to suggest alternative food sources.

We could take the Bucklands as a culinary guide, father and son both excelling in devouring the most outlandish food possible. William, the father, served hedgehogs, roast ostrich, porpoise, crocodile steaks and even cooked puppies in 19th century England. It seems he liked the notoriety gained by an unusual diet, starting with mice on toast for breakfast, and once eating, it is claimed, the 140ish-year-old mummified heart belonging to King Louis XIV of France. Long story, details here.

He was otherwise a reputed if eccentric scientist and eventually became Dean of Westminster Abbey. His son Francis followed in his footsteps. “Guests were served steaming plates of boiled elephant trunk, boiled and fried meat taken from the head of a porpoise, roasted giraffe necks and rhinoceros pie. Boa constrictor, sea slugs and ear wigs made their way to his stomach, although he ended up hating those last two. When he heard a panther had recently died at a zoo, he had the curator dig up the corpse and send over some panther chops (“It was not very good.”)

Francis was actually concerned with finding alternatives to help stave off over-hunting and over-fishing. He founded the Acclimation Society of Britain; its goal was to find and introduce exotic fauna to the country in order to gain another food source. Well, that would obviously not do for our own kitchens given how many of these are on the endangered species list.

Marmots were among his menagerie, ready to be picked up by cook when supper was needed. It turns out, though, that we should exercise caution before turning to fry, steam or boil rodents, or, for that matter, eat them raw.

I’m sure you’ve heard: the recent demise of a Mongolian couple after a supper of marmot meat was all over the news. And what did them in? The bubonic plague! I know, it should not be treated lightly when people try to find their protein where they can and then succumb to the plague. But really.

If you think you are safe because those rodents are not on your meal plan, though, think again. The disease lurks in Oregon as well and officials here are practicing what to do in case of an outbreak.

In the meantime, this is what the government suggest you do:

  • Yes, plague can be prevented by controlling rodent populations in endemic areas.
  •   Eliminate sources of food and nesting places for rodents around homes, workplaces, and recreation areas; remove plant material, rock piles, junk piles,and potential food supplies, such as pet food.
  •   Control your pet’s fleas and do not let cats or dogs roam freely.
  •   Do not pick up or touch dead animals.
  •   Wear insect repellant to prevent fleabites and wear gloves when handling potentially infected animals.

I guess it’s back to chocolate pudding and Fritos, for this here diner…

Photographs today are of pica and muskrats respectively. Cute. Rodents. Bubonic plague……

And for your listening pleasure there are rats, mice and marmots on offer!

Horse Ta(i)les

Good. You didn’t think for a moment that I would write about Kentucky Derby decisions, disqualifications and all. Of course I won’t. Don’t know the rules of that sport, or any sport for that matter.

Instead I am praising science, once again, which has produced some fascinating new insights into the domestication of horses, a feat that revolutionized transport and warfare. You can read about the details here but here are the highlights:

Create an interdisciplinary team of 120(!) geneticists, evolutionary biologists and archeologists and let them figure out how 5500 years ago the horse became servant to (wo)man. Have them generate DNA data from 278 equine subfossils with ages mostly spanning the last six millennia.

Find out this way that in addition to the known two lines, domestic and Przewalski’s horses, there were two more, found on the Iberian Peninsula and in Siberia, now extinct.

Of special interest for these scientists was the fact that selective breeding shaping the look and functions of the horse started about 3000 years ago, most likely in Persia. Making them slimmer and stronger increased the mobility and speed of horses. Europeans picked up on this, and within a few hundred years they influenced the horse genome in more ways than through the previous 4000 years of domestication.

There is still uncertainty where the very first human horse interaction took place, despite all we know about horses. The traditional presumption that it happened in the steppes of Kasachstan was undermined by this current study. The most likely places under discussion are now Anatolia, the Pontic-Caspian steppes in Eurasia or the Middle East. Take your pick.

DNA analysis was also able to establish the recent impact of humans by means of diversity management, selection and hybridization of horses. What they found was not all good:

Most strikingly, we found that while past horse breeders maintained diverse genetic resources for millennia after they first domesticated the horse, this diversity dropped by ∼16% within the last 200 years. This illustrates the massive impact of modern breeding and demonstrates that the history of domestic animals cannot be fully understood without harnessing ancient DNA data. Importantly, recent breeding strategies have also limited the efficacy of negative selection and led to the accumulation of deleterious variants within the genome of horses. This illustrates the genomic cost of modern breeding. Future work should focus on testing how much recent progress in veterinary medicine and the improving animal welfare have contributed to limit the fitness impact of deleterious variants.

And while we are on the topic of DNA analysis, here is something to ponder about what the results of genetic testing in humans can or do tell us: misconceptions abound.

And if instead of experimental science you want some clinical psychology on this Wednesday morning, read this about psychics and the (hurt) feelings of horses.

You tell me if it makes horse sense.

Tilden Horse/ Marc Chagall
Tilden/ Gerhard Richter

Tilden Horse/Franz Marc
Tilden Horse/Paul Klee
Tilden Horse/Joan Miro
Tilden Horse/Richard Estes

Photographs today are of horse sculptures made by Steve Tilden and some of my pastiches using more of his work in the style of different painters.

Music from two very different sources:



Louse(y) Stories

Weren’t you always dying to know about the life cycle of the salmon louse? Well, I have to disappoint you – today’s report is about the problems of aquaculture, among which the louse is one of the biggest, and it will be discussed in this context only.

Why would I even bother? Well, one of the arguments offered in yesterday’s musing on the decline of ocean health and overfishing was the possibility of farmed fish filling our protein needs no longer covered by fish in the wild. Fish farms have, of course, become a huge business. Salmon is one of the biggest products of aquaculture, generating billions of dollars of income for Norway and Chile, the top producers in the world, but also other European countries like Scotland (the US ranks only 16th in aquaculture.)

And now there is a crisis for which we all pay – and I don’t mean with increased prices only for our favorite dinner either. Salmons are farmed in net enclosures that reach up to 165 ft down into the depth of the waters and have a similar diameter. In other words, they are stuffed together for the 2 years until they are slaughtered. They used to be fed with insane amounts of antibiotics, but that was eventually reduced to acceptable levels, because they figured out a way to vaccinate the baby fish against diseases.

(More detailed information can be found here in a publication of Le Monde diplomatique (alas only in German.)

That did not solve other problems, however. Lots of fish escape these nets when they are torn during storms, and then mix with wild salmon, endangering the gene pool with their degenerated genetic make-up. During the 2007 earthquake in Chile alone, 5 million farmed salmons escaped.

In addition, carnivorous salmon require too much other fish to eat. It takes 1,7 kg of small fish made into fishmeal to generate 1 kg of salmon. Attempts to change their diet to soy beans and grains have been not very successful, they refuse to eat it and get diarrhea. More of that diet will also lessen the omega-III-fatty acids that attract us to fish in the first place.

The biggest problem for aqua farming is the salmon or sea louse, however. It has killed 50 million salmon in Norway in 2016 alone. The 8-12 mm parasites glum onto the salmon and eat holes into their skin. They flourish in the conditions of these tight nets and the warming of the waters due to climate change, and now also spread to wild salmon when these migrate close by.

The lice are resistant to many insecticides; what is still in use is Emamectinbenzoat and Diflubenzoron (yes, they are as toxic as they are hard to spell), as well as Hydrogenperoxide (they now use 42 liters of that for every ton of aqua farmed fish….) Traces of these chemicals remain in the fish that land on our plates. And if one country prohibits use of certain chemicals, why, globalization allows the industry to spread to other parts of the globe.

The Norwegian salmon farming giant Cermaq has a sea lice emergency on their Clayoquot Sound salmon farms right now. Documents released through Access to Information indicate Cermaq obtained an Emergency Drug Release to use the insecticide Lufeneron to control sea lice in the Clayoquot Sound UNESCO Biosphere Region (British Columbia). That chemical was not approved by the Norwegian Government (and the application withdrawn with much secrecy.) This very month, it is used over here. And I quote:

“There are human health concerns with use of the drug, which resides in the fat of treated animals. The flesh of treated fish cannot be consumed by humans for 350 days after treatment. This raises questions around how Lufeneron-treated fish will be disposed of in the event of a mass die-off, and in the event of an escape, whether Lufeneron-treated fish might be eaten by a predator which could later be caught for human consumption.

“Lufeneron acts as a chitin synthesis inhibitor; it kills crustaceans like fleas and lice by preventing them from growing a new exoskeleton after moulting. This raises questions about its impact on aquatic organisms in the marine environment—particularly crustaceans like crab, shrimp and prawns”, said Glambeck. “Although the drug will be administered in freshwater hatcheries, it stays in the fish for a very long time. How much will be excreted by fish into the ocean? How long will Lufeneron persist once it settles beneath the fish farm? And how readily will it be accessible to sea creatures?”

The details of all this will be forgotten by me by tomorrow, but the principle will linger: there are no easy solutions to problems that were created by our interference with nature. The idea that depletion of wild fish can be compensated by harvesting farmed fish is only theoretically sound. In praxis the diseases nurtured by close-quarter farming and then the chemical treatment of those diseases generate health scares in their own right and potential longitudinal effects that we have not even begun to understand.

Lousy, indeed.

Photographs taken yesterday of wild carp thrashing in a lake nearby.

Music is self explanatory.